弹性体(英语：Elastomer)是一类具有粘弹性的聚合物。与其它材料相比，弹性体一般一般具有较低的杨氏模量和较高的破坏应变。这个词经常与橡胶混用。构成弹性体的单体一般是含有 碳，氢，氧 与（或） 硅的化合物。在玻璃转化温度以上，弹性体为无定形体，链节运动变得容易。在常温下，橡胶一般较软（E~3MPa）且容易变形。弹性体主要用于制造黏合剂、密封部件、轮胎、鞋底等。据预测，至2020年，全球的与橡胶产业相关的收入将达到560亿美元。橡胶的重要性由此可见一斑。

Polymers that displays rubber-like elasticity.

An elastomer is a polymer with viscoelasticity (having both viscosity and elasticity) and very weak inter-molecular forces, generally having low Young's modulus and high failure strain compared with other materials. The term, which is derived from elastic polymer, is often used interchangeably with the term rubber, although the latter is preferred when referring to vulcanisates. Each of the monomers which link to form the polymer is usually made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen or silicon. Elastomers are amorphous polymers existing above their glass transition temperature, so that considerable segmental motion is possible. At ambient temperatures, rubbers are thus relatively soft (E~3MPa) and deformable. Their primary uses are for seals, adhesives and molded flexible parts. Application areas for different types of rubber are manifold and cover segments as diverse as tires, shoe soles as well as dampening and insulating elements. The importance of rubbers can be judged from the fact that global revenues are forecast to rise to US$56 billion in 2020.