专属经济区（英语：Exclusive Economic Zone，简称EEZ），又称经济海域，是指国际公法中为解决国家或地区之间的因领海争端而提出的一个区域概念。 专属经济区是指领海以外并邻接领海的一个区域，专属经济区从测算领海宽度的基线量起，不应超过二百海里（370.4公里），除去离另一个国家更近的点。专属经济区所属国家具有勘探、开发、使用、养护、管理海床和底土及其上覆水域自然资源的权利，对人工设施的建造使用、科研、环保等的权利。其它国家仍然享有航行和飞越的自由，以及与这些自由有关的其他符合国际法的用途（铺设海底电缆、管道等）。该国对其专属经济区的渔业资源和矿产资源拥有开发利用或准许它国利用的专有权。经济海域并非领土的范畴，而是国家主权的延伸。

An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a sea zone prescribed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea over which a state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind. It stretches from the baseline out to 200 nautical miles (nmi) from its coast. In colloquial usage, the term may include the continental shelf. The term does not include either the territorial sea or the continental shelf beyond the 200 nmi limit. The difference between the territorial sea and the exclusive economic zone is that the first confers full sovereignty over the waters, whereas the second is merely a "sovereign right" which refers to the coastal state's rights below the surface of the sea. The surface waters, as can be seen in the map, are international waters.