学券制，又称为教育券制。这是美国经济学家米尔顿·弗里德曼提倡的一种政府教育补贴制度。与直接给公立学校发放教育经费不同，政府向家长发放教育代金券。主要目的在于，在维持政府对教育的补贴同时，在教育体系中引入市场竞争机制，提升教育质量，给家长更多选择。

在学券制度之前，儿童如果想接受政府补贴只能就近入学公立学校，即使该校的教育质量很差，而如果上私立学校则无法接受任何政府补贴。引入教育券后，家长把孩送到公立学校和私立学校都能享受每年数千美元的教育补贴。学生有了更好的选择，而好的学校由生源广而收入高，规模会逐渐扩大。不好的学校因缺乏生源，最终因经营不善而被淘汰。

A school voucher, also called an education voucher, in a voucher system, is a certificate of government funding for a student at a school chosen by the student or the student's parents. The funding is usually for a particular year, term or semester. In some countries, states or local jurisdictions, the voucher can be used to cover or reimburse home schooling expenses. In some countries, vouchers only exist for tuition at private schools. Under many non-voucher education systems, people who pay for private schooling are still taxed for public schools, these parents fund both public schools (through taxes) and private schools (through tuition) simultaneously; although, in some countries, states or local jurisdictions (e.g. in Australia) private schools may still receive substantial government funding.