旅鸽（学名：Ectopistes migratorius），又名候鸽、旅行鸽，曾经是世界上最常见的一种鸟类。主要以植物果实和小昆虫为食。据估计，过去曾有多达50亿只的旅鸽生活在美国。他们是共同生活的一大群──最大可达宽1.6公里和长500公里的飞行团，需要花上几天的时间才能穿过一个地区，而其中大约包含10亿只的个体。后来推论是由于碰巧在其数量低谷期时被人类大量食用，因而灭绝。绝种年份在1914年。

The passenger pigeon or wild pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) is an extinct species of pigeon that was endemic to North America. Its common name is derived from the French word passager, meaning "passing by", due to the migratory habits of the species. The scientific name also refers to its migratory characteristics. The morphologically similar mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) was long thought to be its closest relative, and the two were at times confused, but genetic analysis has shown that the genus Patagioenas is more closely related to it than the Zenaida doves.