生态恐怖主义（英语：Eco-terrorism，也称“环保恐怖主义”、“绿色恐怖主义”）是恐怖主义的一种，指用暴力或破坏活动针对相关人士或他们的财产以支持生态、环境或动物权利的行为，这一词语具有争议性和贬义。

联邦调查局对生态恐怖主义的定义是“具有环境保护性质的地方性组织出于环境及政治原因，针对个人或财产（或其他目标外人士）使用或威胁使用暴力的犯罪”。据FBI统计，生态恐怖主义者在2003年至2008年间造成了2亿美元的财产损失，美国多个州也颁布了针对环保恐怖主义的法律。

针对此词语的批评者认为，“环保恐怖主义”一词是为丑化环保主义者而定义，更适合用于描述一些组织对环境的破坏。

Eco-terrorism is a term used to refer acts of violence committed in support of ecological or environmental causes, against persons or their property.

Eco-terrorism is defined by the Federal Bureau of Investigation as "the use or threatened use of violence of a criminal nature against people or property by an environmentally oriented, subnational group for environmental-political reasons, or aimed at an audience beyond the target, often of a symbolic nature." The FBI credited eco-terrorists with 200 million dollars in property damage between 2003 and 2008, and a majority of states within the USA have introduced laws aimed at eco-terrorism.