There are varying forms of the practice, and can be most easily understood in terms of “economic rent”.
这种做法有多种形式，最容易理解为“经济租金”。
Economic rent
原声例句
关于特朗普的一切
关于特朗普的一切
By calculating the wealth of billionaires within those industries, as compared to the overall GDP, the disproportion of “economic rent” becomes clear.
通过计算这些行业中亿万富翁的财富， 与整体 GDP 相比，“经济租金” 的不成比例就变得一目了然。
关于特朗普的一切
The medallion system is an artificial method of increasing the “economic rent”, or price, of the service, so that drivers do not have to compete, and the barrier to entry is high.
奖章制度是一种人为增加服务“经济租金”或价格的方法，这样司机就不必竞争，进入门槛很高。
中文百科
经济租
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经济学上，经济租（英语：Economic rent）是指为生产过程中要付出的生产投入成本，高于某个供给的价格弹性下本来应该付出的价格，这中间的差额就是经济租。经济租的出现，会带来寻租行为。
在完全竞争市场中，不存在经济租。经济租与寻租的出现代表市场失灵。
英语百科
Economic rent 经济租
In economics, economic rent is any payment to a factor of production in excess of the cost needed to bring that factor into production. In classical economics, economic rent is any payment made (including imputed value) or benefit received for non-produced inputs such as location (land) and for assets formed by creating official privilege over natural opportunities (e.g., patents). In neoclassical economics, economic rent also includes income gained by beneficiaries of other contrived exclusivity, such as labor guilds and unofficial corruption.
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