生活环境博物馆（Eco-Museum），又简称环境博物馆，最早由法国博物馆学者瓦西纳（Hugues de Varine-Bohan）在1971年格雷诺伯（Grenoble）举办的博物馆会议中提出。生态环境博物馆的理念，是地方居民为保存社区历史记忆及文化，范围包括博物馆、社区、工业、国家公园等，将博物馆视为居民施展抱负与愿景的空间，借此找寻自身的历史记忆，同时成为观光客的镜子，协助他们了解在地文化，尊重当地历史。

An ecomuseum is a museum focused on the identity of a place, largely based on local participation and aiming to enhance the welfare and development of local communities. Ecomuseums originated in France, the concept being developed by Georges Henri Rivière and Hugues de Varine, who coined the term ‘ecomusée’ in 1971. The term "éco" is a shortened form for "écologie", but it refers especially to a new idea of holistic interpretation of cultural heritage, in opposition to the focus on specific items and objects, performed by traditional museums.