生态系统服务（英语：ecosystem services）是指在生态系中，人类直接或间接谋取的所有福利。生态系为人类提供食物来源、衣服材料、洁净的空气和食水等，但人类取得该服务的同时，可能会破坏生态系本身，减弱其提出服务的功能。在2005年千禧年生态系统评估明确指出自然生态系是人类的「生命支持系统」，为人类提供必要的生态系统服务。分析生态系服务可让社会知道开采和破坏生态系统所得到经济价值和应付成本，为各国领袖提供决策的指引。

目前的生态系统服务共分为四种：提供、支持、调节、文化。

Humankind benefits in a multitude of ways from ecosystems. Collectively, these benefits are becoming known as ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are regularly involved in the provisioning of clean drinking water and the decomposition of wastes. While scientists and environmentalists have discussed ecosystem services implicitly for decades, the ecosystem services concept itself was popularized by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) in the early 2000s. This grouped ecosystem services into four broad categories: provisioning, such as the production of food and water; regulating, such as the control of climate and disease; supporting, such as nutrient cycles and crop pollination; and cultural, such as spiritual and recreational benefits. To help inform decision-makers, many ecosystem services are being assigned economic values.