黄道坐标系，又作黄道座标系，是以黄道作基准平面的天球坐标系统，多用作研究太阳系天体运动情况之用。

黄道是由地球上观察太阳一年中在天球上的视运动所通过的路径，若以地球「不动」作参照的话就是太阳绕地球公转的轨道平面（黄道面）在天球上的投影。

黄道与天赤道相交于两点：春分点与秋分点（这两点称二分点）；而黄道对应的两个几何极是北黄极（在天龙座）、与南黄极 (在剑鱼座)。

在黄道上与黄道平行的小圆称黄纬，符号β，以由黄道面向北黄极方向为正值（0°至90°），向南黄极方向则为负值。垂直黄道的经度称黄经，符号为λ，由春分点起由西向东量度（0°至360°）。像赤道坐标系中的赤经一样，以春分点做为黄经的起点。

The ecliptic coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system commonly used for representing the positions and orbits of Solar System objects. Because most planets (except Mercury), and many small Solar System bodies have orbits with small inclinations to the ecliptic, it is convenient to use it as the fundamental plane. The system's origin can be either the center of the Sun or the center of the Earth, its primary direction is towards the vernal (northbound) equinox, and it has a right-handed convention. It may be implemented in spherical coordinates or rectangular coordinates.