动态光散射，也称作光子相关光谱或准弹性光散射，是一种物理表征手段，用来测量溶液或悬浮液中的粒径分布，也可以用来测如量高分子浓溶液等的复杂流体的行为。

当光射到远小于其波长的小颗粒上时，光会向各方向散射（瑞利散射）。如果光源是雷射，在某一方向上，我们可以观察到散射光的强度随时间而波动，这是因为溶液中的微小颗粒在做布朗运动，且每个发生散射的颗粒之间的距离一直随时间变化。来自不同颗粒的散射光因相位不同产生建设性或破坏性干涉。所得到的强度随时间波动的曲线带有引起散射的颗粒随时间移动的信息。动态光散射实验易受灰尘或杂质影响，故样品的过滤和离心十分重要。

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed by means of the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy or quasi-elastic light scattering). In the time domain analysis, the autocorrelation function (ACF) usually decays starting from zero delay time, and faster dynamics due to smaller particles lead to faster decorrelation of scattered intensity trace. It has been shown that the intensity ACF is the Fourier transformation of the power spectrum, and therefore the DLS measurements can be equally well performed in the spectral domain. DLS can also be used to probe the behavior of complex fluids such as concentrated polymer solutions.