First, though, some drug development history.

不过首先，让我们回顾一下药物研发的历史。

This is what makes constrained peptides so desirable for drug development.

这正是限制性肽在药物开发中备受青睐的原因。

Foreigners eligible include experts entering the country to offer medical assistance, drug development and academic exchanges.

符合条件者包括来华参与医疗救助、药品开发和学术交流的外国专家。

Constrained peptide design is a cutting-edge technology, and the drug development pipeline is slow and cautious.

限制性肽设计是一项前沿技术，同时药物开发的进程漫长而谨慎。

But today, we have the ability to create designer peptides with shapes that are custom-tailored for drug development.

但是今天，我们拥有制造设计肽的能力，能为药物开发定制 （限制肽的）形状。

But during that time, more constrained peptide drugs are going to be entering the drug development pipeline.

但与此同时，有更多的限制性肽药物将进入药物开发进程中。

No. I was in the drug development field. I created a cure for the common cold and made a gazillion dollars.

不是。我从事药品开发领域。我发明了一种治疗普通感冒的药，赚了很多钱。

It could speed up drug development.

它可以加速药物开发。

It will revolutionize areas such as artificial intelligence, financial modeling, drug development, weather forecasting, and cyber-security.

它将彻底改变人工智能、金融模型、药物开发、天气预报和网络安全等领域。

The result has improved drug development, DNA sequencing and the creation of better materials, to name but three fields.

结果改进了药物开发、DNA 测序和更好材料的创造，仅举三个领域。

The U.S shouldn't allow wealthy nations to effectively freeload on drug development costs at the expense of Americans.

美国不应该允许富裕国家以美国人为代价有效地搭便车在药物研发成本上。

They say future generations of quantum computers like these will be able to completely transform industries such as drug development and logistics.

他们说，像这样的下一代量子计算机将能够彻底改变药物开发和物流等行业。

Even for a molecule around 10% of us have up our nostrils right now, drug development takes years to be safe and effective.

即使对于我们中大约 10% 的人现在都在鼻孔里的分子，药物开发也需要数年时间才能安全有效。

Moreover, the deep sea is a potential source of new medicines, with organisms producing unique compounds that can be used in drug development.

此外，深海是新药的潜在来源，其生物体产生可用于药物开发的独特化合物。

The antibodies are often developed in mice that have been genetically modified to have human-like immune systems — a technique that goes back to the days of AIDS drug development.

这些抗体通常在小鼠身上研制，而这些小鼠是被转基因后拥有了与人类的相似的免疫系统——这种可追溯到技术艾滋病药物的研发时期。

To be sure, large pharmaceutical companies play a critical role in the end stage of drug development, funding and running essential clinical trials and navigating regulatory approvals.

毫无疑问，大型制药公司在药物开发的最后阶段扮演着至关重要的角色，为关键的临床试验提供资金和运营，并协调监管审批事宜。

This might not seem like that big of a deal, especially compared to the neat and tidy synthesis in modern labs, but it marked an enormous shift in our approach to drug development.

这看起来没什么大不了的，尤其是与现代实验室整洁的合成相比，但它标志着我们药物开发方法的巨大转变。

But everything else that's being talked about, you know, whether that's drug development or finding molecules to fight climate change or new types of polymers, those just aren't proven.

但是，您知道，正在谈论的所有其他事情，无论是药物开发还是寻找分子来应对气候变化或新型聚合物，这些都没有得到证实。

The pharmaceutical industry, however, has done a masterful job of arguing that these Americans must suffer in the short term since lower prices would gut long-term innovation in drug development.

然而，制药行业在争论中表现得非常出色，声称这些美国人必须在短期内遭受痛苦，因为降低价格将削弱药物研发的长期创新。

Well, this is a tough time, because in the golden age of antibiotic drug development, these companies developed literally dozens and dozens of new ones.And when one antibiotic stopped working, we always had the promise of new ones.

好吧，这是一段艰难的时期，因为在抗生素药物开发的黄金时代，这些公司开发了数十种新抗生素。当一种抗生素失效时，我们总是有希望开发新抗生素。